Understanding the Host-to-Host Communications Model
Older model
Proprietary
Application and combinations software controlled by one vendor
Standards-based model
Multivendor software
Layered approach
Network General Training - 03 Understanding the Host-to-Host
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1. 本版是定位于惠普网络产品的技术讨论区。
2. 本版鼓励发帖共同讨论技术问题，不鼓励站内信件私下交流，独知知不如众知知。
3. 本版允许转贴或引用他人的作品，但必须声明原作者信息。
4. 本版禁止发表出售、求购、或其他非技术讨论等帖子。
5. 本版禁止灌水，包括但不限于任何与所讨论主题无关的回复，无意义字符，直接复制其他回复等。
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Network General Training - 03 Understanding the Host-to-Host
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Re: Network General Training - Understanding the Host-to-Hos
Why a Layered Network Model?
Reduces complexity
Standardizes interfaces
Facilitates modular engineering
Ensures interoperable technology
Accelerates evolution
Simplifies teaching and learning
Reduces complexity
Standardizes interfaces
Facilitates modular engineering
Ensures interoperable technology
Accelerates evolution
Simplifies teaching and learning
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Re: Network General Training - Understanding the Host-to-Hos
The Seven Layers of the OSI Model
The OSI reference model defines the network functions that occur at each layer.
The physical layer defines the electrical, mechanical, procedural, and functional specifications for activating, maintaining, and deactivating the physical link between end systems.
The data link layer defines how data is formatted for transmission and how access to the physical media is controlled.
The network layer provides connectivity and path selection between two host systems that may be located on geographically separated networks.
The transport layer segments data from the system of the sending host and reassembles the data into a data stream on the system of the receiving host.
The session layer establishes, manages, and terminates sessions between two communicating hosts.
The presentation layer ensures that the information sent at the application layer of one system is readable by the application layer of another system.
The application layer provides network services to the applications of the user, such as e-mail, file transfer, and terminal emulation.
The OSI reference model defines the network functions that occur at each layer.
The physical layer defines the electrical, mechanical, procedural, and functional specifications for activating, maintaining, and deactivating the physical link between end systems.
The data link layer defines how data is formatted for transmission and how access to the physical media is controlled.
The network layer provides connectivity and path selection between two host systems that may be located on geographically separated networks.
The transport layer segments data from the system of the sending host and reassembles the data into a data stream on the system of the receiving host.
The session layer establishes, manages, and terminates sessions between two communicating hosts.
The presentation layer ensures that the information sent at the application layer of one system is readable by the application layer of another system.
The application layer provides network services to the applications of the user, such as e-mail, file transfer, and terminal emulation.
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Re: Network General Training - Understanding the Host-to-Hos
Data Encapsulation
Data De-Encapsulation
Peer-to-Peer Communication
Data De-Encapsulation
Peer-to-Peer Communication
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Re: Network General Training - Understanding the Host-to-Hos
TCP/IP Stack
Defines four layers
Uses different names for Layers 1 through 3
Combines Layers 5 through 7 into single application layer
TCP/IP Stack vs. the OSI Model
Defines four layers
Uses different names for Layers 1 through 3
Combines Layers 5 through 7 into single application layer
TCP/IP Stack vs. the OSI Model
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Re: Network General Training - Understanding the Host-to-Hos
The OSI reference model defines the network functions that occur at each layer.
TCP/IP is now the most widely used protocol for a number of reasons, including its flexible addressing scheme, its usability by most operating systems and platforms, its many tools and utilities, and the need to use it to connect to the Internet.
The components of the TCP/IP stack are the network access, Internet, transport, and application layers.
The OSI model and the TCP/IP stack are similar in structure and function, with correlation at the physical, data link, network, and transport layers. The OSI model divides the application layer of the TCP/IP stack into three separate layers.
TCP/IP is now the most widely used protocol for a number of reasons, including its flexible addressing scheme, its usability by most operating systems and platforms, its many tools and utilities, and the need to use it to connect to the Internet.
The components of the TCP/IP stack are the network access, Internet, transport, and application layers.
The OSI model and the TCP/IP stack are similar in structure and function, with correlation at the physical, data link, network, and transport layers. The OSI model divides the application layer of the TCP/IP stack into three separate layers.